Hotel on Mars
How bored you on Earth, we invite you to Mars!
How is fashion on Mars?
A model presents dress .... cosmic!
31.01.2015
Hotel on Mars
How bored you on Earth, we invite you to Mars!
How is fashion on Mars?
A model presents dress .... cosmic!
30.01.2015
25.01.2015
24.01.2015
Fashion from the XIX century
23.01.2015
Prekursorzy nowych trendów
Przez stulecia kanony mody wyznaczali monarchowie i arystokracja. W XVII wieku król francuski Ludwik XIII postanowił zakładać perukę, by zakryć łysinę. Idąc w jego ślady, europejska szlachta zaczęła wkrótce golić głowy i nosić peruki — moda ta utrzymywała się ponad 100 lat.
W XIX stuleciu kształtowaniem gustów zajęły się ilustrowane magazyny dla pań. Czasopisma te oferowały nawet wykroje strojów, które kobiety mogły same uszyć tanim kosztem. W XX wieku wraz z popularyzacją kina i telewizji bożyszczami na całym świecie stali się aktorzy i to oni zaczęli nadawać ton modzie. Śmiałe style lansowali też znani muzycy, którzy szybko znaleźli naśladowców wśród młodzieży.
Od tamtej pory niewiele się zmieniło — specjaliści od reklamy dążą do zwiększenia popytu na nowe ubrania za pomocą pokazów mody, efektownych zdjęć w czasopismach i na billboardach, wystaw sklepowych i reklam telewizyjnych.
The Dark Side of Glamour
THERE is no doubt that following
fashion can help you to improve your appearance and boost your
self-confidence. The right outfit can minimize some physical flaws and
even enhance your positive features. It can also have a bearing on how
you are viewed by others.
But there is a dark side to the
fashion world, one that cannot be ignored. Shoppers can become trapped
in an endless cycle of replenishing their wardrobe. After all, the
industry keeps churning out new styles. This is no accident, for fashion
houses make more money when clothes become obsolete quickly. As
designer Gabrielle Chanel put it, “fashion is made to become
unfashionable.” Thus, the unwary consumer might feel obligated to buy
new clothes just to keep up to date.
There is also the danger of
succumbing to the subtle pressure of advertising. Fashion companies
spend millions of dollars promoting their products, often portraying a
certain carefree life-style that those who wear their label supposedly
enjoy. These messages can have a powerful impact. “Nothing is more
traumatic for teenagers than not having the ‘right brand’ of shoes,”
says a schoolteacher in Spain.
The Lure of Fads
Some groups use a certain style
of clothing to identify themselves. What they wear may convey a
rejection of society, a liberal life-style, or even violent or racist
ideals. Although some of these styles may be outrageous or shocking,
there is usually a high degree of conformity within the group. Even some
who do not endorse the group’s ideals may be attracted to the style.
Those who adopt these trends of dress may give others the impression
that they share and promote the group’s core beliefs.
Fads usually come and go, some
within a few months. They may originate with a popular musician or other
trendsetter. A few fashions, though, become established styles. Blue
jeans, for example, were popular among youthful protesters in the 1950’s
and 1960’s. Now, however, they are worn in a variety of settings by
people of various age groups.
The Quest for a Perfect Figure
Those who take fashion too
seriously can become overly concerned about their appearance. Fashion
models are usually tall and slim, and their images bombard us
constantly. The “right” physique is used to market everything from cars to candy
bars. Britain’s Social Issues Research Centre estimates that “young
women now see more images of outstandingly beautiful women in one day
than our mothers saw throughout their entire adolescence.”
This barrage of images can have a detrimental effect. In the United States, for example, a survey quoted in Newsweek
found that 90 percent of white teenagers were dissatisfied with their
bodies. Some of these will do virtually anything to attain the ‘ideal
figure.’ Yet, the Social Issues Research Centre claims that less than
5 percent of the female population can achieve the media ideal of weight
and size. Nevertheless, the idolizing of the very thin figure has led
millions of young women into slavery. It has led some down the slippery
slope of anorexia nervosa. Spanish model Nieves Álvarez, who suffered from anorexia, admits: “Putting on weight frightened me more than dying.”
True, eating disorders such as
anorexia and bulimia can be caused by a number of other factors.
However, Drs. Anne Guillemot and Michel Laxenaire state: “The cult of
slimness bears some responsibility.”
Clearly, fashion has a positive side and a
negative side. It fills a basic human desire to look presentable and
have something new to wear. But fashion extremes could lead us to wear
clothes that give others a wrong impression. And if we attach excessive
importance to appearance, we could subscribe to the erroneous belief
that our worth depends on our ‘packaging’ rather than on our inner
values. “We have to begin to value more a person’s ability and inner
self, rather than simple wrapping,” says Álvarez, quoted earlier. But
such a change in standards is unlikely to happen soon.
How, then, can we
find a balanced view of fashion?
Bibliography: Awake!—2003
The Changing Face of Fashion
WHETHER we realize it or not, our
daily decisions as to what we will wear are shaped at least to a degree
by fashion. Ultimately, the forces of fashion largely determine what is
available to buy.
Even items of clothing that we
now take for granted were once the latest style. The man’s dress shirt
and necktie, for instance, became the fashion rage over a century ago.
And the woman’s sweater became an established style back in the 1920’s.
Two basic desires fuel the
fashion industry—novelty and conformity. Nearly everyone likes to wear
something new. That is why we sometimes buy clothes, not because an
older garment has worn out, but simply because we want a change. At the
same time, we do not want to look out of place, so we buy clothes that
conform to some degree to the style worn by our associates. Over the
centuries the clothing industry has catered to—and sometimes
exploited—these desires for novelty and conformity.
A Brief History
To create a style, designers use
five basic elements: color, silhouette, drape, texture, and line balance
(or patterns on the surface of the material). The options available to
designers and dressmakers in all five areas have multiplied over the
years. In ancient Egypt, for example, locally produced see-through linen
was the fabric of choice, and it was ideal for a warm climate. But
since linen could not be dyed easily, it was usually just one
color—bleached white. Still, Egyptian fashion designers pleated the
material so that their clothes had a pleasing drape and silhouette. Thus
one of the world’s most enduring styles was born.
By the first century C.E., new
fabrics and colors were available. Affluent Romans imported silk from
China or India, although the expense of transport made woven silk as
costly as gold. Another fashionable material was dyed wool from Tyre, a
pound of which could cost 1,000 denarii—three years’ wages for a typical
worker. The new dyes and materials enabled wealthy Roman women to wear a
stola—a long, ample outer garment—of blue cotton from India or perhaps
yellow silk from China.
Although new styles arose
periodically, in past eras a costly garment would likely be in fashion
for a lifetime. Changes came slowly and usually affected just the
nobility. With the coming of the industrial revolution, however, fashion
became much more relevant to the common people.
During the 19th century, whole
industries arose to clothe both the rich and the poor. Mechanized cotton
and woolen mills proliferated, and the price of fabrics came down.
Because of sewing machines, clothes could be produced more cheaply, and
new synthetic dyes offered a much greater choice of colors.
Social and technological changes
played an even greater role in clothing the masses. In Western Europe
and North America, people had more money to spend. In the 1850’s,
women’s magazines appeared, and soon thereafter department stores began
to offer ready-to-wear clothes in standard sizes. Also in the
19th century, Charles Frederick Worth introduced fashion shows, using
live models to spark the interest of prospective clients.
In the 20th century, new
synthetic fibers, such as rayon, nylon, and polyester, offered
manufacturers a wider array of fabrics. Computerized designs made it
easy to produce new styles, and because of globalization, new fashion
trends could appear almost simultaneously on the streets of Tokyo, New
York, Paris, and São Paulo. Meanwhile, designers and manufacturers have
found new ways to promote their products.
Today young people have taken
the place of the wealthy as the most ardent fashion enthusiasts. Every
month, millions of them buy new clothes, and the trade produces hundreds
of billions of dollars’ worth of clothing a year. But are there hidden snares?
Bibliography: From the book The Historian’s History of the World; Awake!—2003
21.01.2015
Contemporary Fashion
Schoolgirls of Polish represent your style.
It is a reflection of their personality and interests.
It is a reflection of their personality and interests.
Our project fashion
The project is concern the exchange of views on the fashion teenagers in
a broad context: appearance, clothing, nutrition, music, good habits.
This will translate into their way of life and cultural identity. By
knowing the history of fashion and habits we want more to know each
other and our interests.
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